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This comprehensive text explores the entire range of research methodologies in psychology, using a carefully constructed programmatic approach to introduce topics and systematically build on the earlier presentations. This text emphasizes research concepts, as well as specific, technical research strategies, to help students develop an understanding of the underlying rational-empirical processes of science and to gain specific research skills.

It provides clearly written explanations of concepts and numerous examples drawn from all areas of psychology to enable students to develop sophisticated understanding of the research process.

Chapter 1: Curiosity, Creativity, and Commitment

　Science

　Science Is a Way of Thinking

　Asking Questions

　Science and Art

　Acquiring Knowledge

　Tenacity

　Intuition

　Authority

　Rationalism

　Empiricism

　Science

　Emergence of Science

　Early Civilization

　Greek Science

　Medieval Science

　The Scientific Revolution

　Psychology

　The History of Psychology

　Women and Minorities in Psychology

　Modern Psychology

　The Science of Psychology

　Ethical Principles

　Using the Resources of this Text

　Exploring the Student Resource Website

　Using SPSS for Windows

　Summary

　Putting It into Practice

　Exercises

Chapter 2: Research is a Process of Inquiry

　The Scientific Process

　Basic Assumptions of Science

　Observation and Inference: Facts and Constructs

　Inductive and Deductive Thinking

　Models and Theories in Science

　A Model of the Research Process

　Phases of Research

　Levels of Constraint

　Ethical Principles

　Summary

　Putting It into Practice

　Exercises

Chapter 3: The Starting Point: Asking Questions

　Asking and Refining Questions

　Pursuing Your Personal Interests

　Following Up on the Work of Others

　Applied and Basic Research

　Refining Questions for Research

　Types of Variables in Research

　Classifying Variables Based on Their Nature

　Classifying Variables Based on Their Use in Research

　Validity and the Control of Extraneous Variables

　Ethical Principles

　Ethical Principles for Human Research

　Ethical Principles for Animal Research

　Summary

　Putting It into Practice

　Exercises

Chapter 4: Data and the Nature of Measurement

　Measurement

　Scales of Measurement

　Nominal Scales

　Ordinal Scales

　Interval Scales

　Ratio Scales

　Measuring and Manipulating Variables

　Measurement Error

　Operational Definitions

　Evaluating Measures

　Reliability

　Effective Range

　Validity

　The Need for Objective Measurement

　Ethical Principles

　Summary

　Putting It into Practice

　Exercises

Chapter 5: Statistical Analysis of Data

　Individual Differences

　Organizing Data

　Frequency Distributions

　Graphical Representation of Data

　Descriptive Statistics

　Measures of Central Tendency

　Measures of Variability

　Measures of Relationship

　Standard Scores

　Statistical Inference

　Populations and Samples

　The Null Hypothesis

　Statistical Decisions and Alpha Levels

　Type I and Type II Errors

　Inferential Statistics

　Testing for Mean Differences

　The Power of a Statistical Test

　Effect Size

　Ethical Principles

　Summary

　Putting It into Practice

　Exercises

Chapter 6: Field Research: Naturalistic and Case-Study Research

Chapter 7: Correlational and Differential Methods of Research

Chapter 8: Hypothesis Testing, Validity, and Threats to Validity

Chapter 9: Controls to Reduce Threats to Validity

Chapter 10: Single-Variable, Independent-Groups Designs

Chapter 11: Correlated-Groups and Single-Subject Designs

Chapter 12: Factorial Designs

Chapter 13: A Second Look at Field Research: Field Experiments, Program Evaluation, and Survey Research

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